ICAO代码 (ICAO Code)

什么是ICAO代码？

An ICAO code is a four-letter alphanumeric identifier assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the United Nations specialized agency responsible for international civil aviation standards. ICAO maintains two parallel code systems:

• Airport codes: Four-letter location indicators (e.g., EGLL for London Heathrow, KJFK for New York Kennedy, RKSI for Seoul Incheon) used in air traffic control, flight plans, and aeronautical publications.
• Airline designators: Three-letter telephony codes (e.g., BAW for British Airways, UAL for United Airlines, KAL for Korean Air) used in ATC communications and flight planning.

While IATA codes are the passenger-facing standard for ticketing and baggage, ICAO codes are the operational standard used by pilots, air traffic controllers, and aeronautical authorities.

实际运作方式

ICAO airport codes follow a structured geographic prefix system that encodes location information:

• First letter — world region: E = Northern Europe, K = contiguous United States, Y = Australia, R = East Asia, L = Southern Europe/Mediterranean, Z = China.
• Second letter — country or sub-region: EG = United Kingdom, KJ = eastern USA, YM = Victoria, Australia, RK = South Korea.
• Third and fourth letters — specific airport: EGLL = Heathrow (LL suffix), KJFK = Kennedy (JFK suffix echoing IATA code).
• Flight plan filing: All IFR (instrument flight rules) flight plans filed with air traffic services use ICAO airport codes for origin and destination, and ICAO airline designators for the operating carrier.
• ATIS and NOTAMs: Automatic Terminal Information Service broadcasts and Notices to Airmen reference airports exclusively by ICAO code.

行业案例

• EGLL vs. LHR: London Heathrow's ICAO code (EGLL) and IATA code (LHR) are entirely different — pilots file EGLL in flight plans, while passengers see LHR on their boarding passes.
• KJFK vs. JFK: U.S. airports are prefixed with K, making Kennedy KJFK in the operational world and JFK in the commercial world. Small U.S. airports without K prefix use their three-letter identifier (e.g., ORD becomes KORD).
• RJTT vs. HND: Tokyo Haneda airport is RJTT in ICAO (R = East Asia, J = Japan) and HND in IATA.
• Airline callsigns: British Airways uses Speedbird as its radio telephony callsign combined with the ICAO designator BAW — so "Speedbird 175" in ATC communication corresponds to flight BA 175 on passenger itineraries.

对旅客的影响

Most passengers never encounter ICAO codes directly — they are an operational backstage standard. However, aviation enthusiasts using flight tracking services (Flightradar24, FlightAware) will encounter ICAO codes constantly, as these platforms display the ICAO identifiers used in ATC data feeds. Pilots, dispatchers, and aviation students must master ICAO codes as part of their core training. For travelers in small cities with airports lacking an IATA code, ICAO codes may be necessary when researching airport information in aeronautical databases. See also IATA code, ATC, and FAA.