Glossary Engine Technology

Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF: Geared Turbofan)

Definition

Thiết kế turbofan sử dụng hộp số giảm tốc giữa quạt và tuabin áp suất thấp, cho phép mỗi bộ phận quay ở tốc độ tối ưu.

What Is a Geared Turbofan?

A geared turbofan (GTF) is an advanced turbofan engine that interposes a planetary reduction gearbox between the large front fan and the low-pressure turbine (LPT) shaft. This mechanical decoupling is the defining innovation: the fan and turbine can each rotate at their individually optimal speeds rather than being locked to the same shaft speed.

How It Works

In a conventional turbofan, the fan, low-pressure compressor, and low-pressure turbine are all mounted on a single shaft. Because the large fan must turn slowly to avoid supersonic blade-tip speeds, the LPT is forced to operate below its aerodynamically ideal speed — a fundamental efficiency compromise.

The GTF's gearbox, typically with a reduction ratio of approximately 3:1, allows the LPT to spin roughly three times faster than the fan. The LPT can therefore be designed with fewer stages (typically 3 vs. 7 in equivalent conventional engines), reducing weight and parts count. The fan, freed from shaft-speed constraints, grows larger — enabling bypass ratios of 12:1 or higher — while spinning at speeds that minimize aerodynamic losses.

Performance Specifications

  • Gearbox reduction ratio: approximately 3.0:1 (Pratt & Whitney PW1000G series)
  • Bypass ratio: 12:1 on PW1100G (A320neo), 12.2:1 on PW1500G (CSeries/A220)
  • Fuel burn improvement: 15–20% over CFM56/V2500 predecessors
  • Noise reduction: approximately 75% reduction in noise footprint vs. prior generation
  • LPT stages: 3 (vs. 6–7 in ungeared equivalents)

Aircraft Examples

The geared turbofan concept, pioneered by Pratt & Whitney with over $10 billion in development investment spanning two decades, entered revenue service in January 2016. By 2025 the engine family had accumulated over 30 million flight hours across more than 1,500 aircraft.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF)?
Thiết kế turbofan sử dụng hộp số giảm tốc giữa quạt và tuabin áp suất thấp, cho phép mỗi bộ phận quay ở tốc độ tối ưu.
What does GTF stand for?
GTF stands for Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF). Thiết kế turbofan sử dụng hộp số giảm tốc giữa quạt và tuabin áp suất thấp, cho phép mỗi bộ phận quay ở tốc độ tối ưu.
Why is Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF) important in aviation?
What Is a Geared Turbofan? A geared turbofan (GTF) is an advanced turbofan engine that interposes a planetary reduction gearbox between the large front fan and the low-pressure turbine (LPT) shaft.
What are examples of Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF)?
Common examples of Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF) include: Pratt & Whitney PW1100G on Airbus A320neo, PW1500G on Airbus A220, PW1900G on Embraer E2.
How does Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF) relate to other aviation concepts?
Turbofan Có Hộp Số (GTF) is closely related to Động cơ Turbofan and Suất tiêu hao nhiên liệu riêng, among other key aviation concepts.

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