Aviation Glossary

10

A comprehensive glossary of aviation terms, acronyms, and technical jargon explained in plain language.

All

Afterburner

AB

A supplementary combustion system downstream of the turbine that injects extra fuel for massive short-term thrust increase, primarily used in military aircraft.

Engine Technology

Ceramic Matrix Composite

CMC

Advanced heat-resistant material used in turbine engine hot sections, enabling higher operating temperatures and reduced weight.

Engine Technology

Combustion Chamber

None

The section of a jet engine where compressed air mixes with fuel and ignites, producing high-energy gases that drive the turbine.

Engine Technology

Compressor Stage

None

A set of rotating and stationary airfoils inside a jet engine that progressively compress intake air before combustion.

Engine Technology

Geared Turbofan

GTF

A turbofan design using a reduction gearbox between the fan and low-pressure turbine, allowing each to spin at optimal speed.

Engine Technology

High-Bypass Turbofan

HBT

A turbofan engine with a bypass ratio above 5:1, routing most intake air around the engine core for maximum fuel efficiency and minimum noise.

Engine Technology

Open Rotor Engine

None

Next-generation propulsion concept using unducted, counter-rotating fan blades for turboprop-like efficiency at jet speeds.

Engine Technology

Propfan

None

A hybrid propulsion design combining turboprop efficiency with turbofan-like speed using swept, highly-loaded propeller blades.

Engine Technology

Single-Crystal Turbine Blade

None

A turbine blade cast from a single metal crystal, eliminating grain boundaries to withstand extreme temperatures above 1,500°C.

Engine Technology

Sustainable Aviation Fuel

SAF

Drop-in replacement jet fuel produced from renewable feedstocks that can reduce lifecycle CO2 emissions by up to 80%.

Engine Technology